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<body class='hmmessage'><div dir='ltr'>There are four separate phenomena here and I've done a lot of work on this in the past - mainy with TV signals in Band I and III.<div>The E layer (and also the even higher F layer) in the upper atmosphere become ionised by sunspots and other phenomena and act in a reflective/refractive manner.</div><div>Sporadic (i e unpredictable) E propagation tends to last quite a long time - sometimes for days - and signals can be received very strongly over large distances.</div><div>F-layer propagation is much rarer and can extend thousands of miles - such as conveying TV signals across the Atlantic.<br>The signals bursts which flash and disappear in seconds are caused by meteor scatter - where a very short-lived ionised track is generated by a decaying meteor.</div><div>It's possible then to receive a series of signals from different sources on the same frequency (or indeed television channel) within just a few seconds as the "mirror" moves across the sky.<br>Tropospheric ducting (or "trop") is caused by temperature inversion.</div><div>Static cold air over the Earth's surface develops a warm upper layer from the Sun's heat and this acts like a tunnel, causing remote signals to curve back down to the surface.</div><div>Hams often refer to all this erroneously as "lift".<br>In fact - it's exactly the reverse - as it involves a downward rather than upward movement.<br><br><div><div style="color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:arial, sans-serif;font-size:12.8000001907349px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:1;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="3"><b>Ian Hickling</b><br></font></div><font style="color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:1;word-spacing:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size:12pt;" size="3"><font style="color:rgb(34, 34, 34);background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);">Partner</font></font><br><br><a href="http://www.transplanuk.com/" target="_blank" style="color:rgb(17, 85, 204);"><img alt="" src="https://ci4.googleusercontent.com/proxy/2SkDsnIzSZgRbNnNKBSiwxiFhFQWRGV55mTjVL23fulnJpstZmYxeKrrYefY4qxiSgkMrAETld64XINLXCsujE_zI5gAsQyWeCWvHixcrNYtar3Sij4YlVBgN2NSQ-n2DsgZvrnpWZlfwCQ=s0-d-e1-ft#http://www.transplanuk.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/transplan_UK_weblogo_190x60.png"></a><div style="color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:arial, sans-serif;font-size:12.8000001907349px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:1;word-spacing:0px;"><i><font size="3">Office: 01635 578435 (7am-11pm UK time)</font></i></div><div style="color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:arial, sans-serif;font-size:12.8000001907349px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:1;word-spacing:0px;"><i><font size="3">Carphone: 07530 980115 (only responds when driving)</font></i></div><div style="color:rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family:arial, sans-serif;font-size:12.8000001907349px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;widows:1;word-spacing:0px;"><i><font size="3">6 Horn Street, Compton, NEWBURY, RG20 6QS</font></i></div></div><br><br><div><hr id="stopSpelling">From: tlr@gairloch.co.uk<br>To: cma-l@mailman.commedia.org.uk<br>Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2015 10:16:49 +0100<br>Subject: Re: [cma-l] Funky SX and the Lille tranmitter<br><br>
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<div><font size="2" face="Tahoma">Yes, as you say, it can work both ways - we
also got a QSL request email from a DXer in Sweden who'd picked up our
106.6 broadcasts.</font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="Tahoma"></font> </div>
<div><font size="2" face="Tahoma">Alex</font></div>
<blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT:#000000 2px solid;PADDING-LEFT:5px;PADDING-RIGHT:0px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-RIGHT:0px;">
<div style="FONT:10pt arial;">----- Original Message ----- </div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial;BACKGROUND:#e4e4e4;"><b>From:</b>
<a title="vwradio@aol.com" href="mailto:vwradio@aol.com">vwradio@aol.com</a>
</div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial;"><b>To:</b> <a title="cma-l@mailman.commedia.org.uk" href="mailto:cma-l@mailman.commedia.org.uk">cma-l@mailman.commedia.org.uk</a>
</div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial;"><b>Sent:</b> Friday, July 31, 2015 8:42 AM</div>
<div style="FONT:10pt arial;"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [cma-l] Funky SX and the
Lille tranmitter</div>
<div><br></div><font color="black" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">When we get stations coming in strongly
from places like Spain - that's usually caused by sporadic-E. It's a
phenomenon where signals bounce off ionized clouds and can last minutes or
just seconds. Last month I heard a station from Morocco on FM stronger than
our local Heart in Dorset sitting in my car. This is different from the
tropospheric effect where French stations start coming in loud and clear.
Works both ways though - we got a report of being heard in Sweden on 92.3 via
sporadic E.
<div><br></div>
<div>The wonders of radio propogation. Nothing you can do about it.<br>
<div><br></div>
<div>Steve<br><br>
<div style="CLEAR:both;"><a style="FONT:lighter 10px Verdana, Arial;COLOR:#000000;" href="https://mail.aol.com/IM/?sn=vwradio&locale=en_GB&pd=0" target="_blank"><img border="0" align="absMiddle" src="https://api.aim.net/presence/icon?k=sr1DFCvn2e83VRmK&t=vwradio"></a> Company
registration: 04937308<br>Telephone: Office 01202 820003 Studio 01202
820006<br>Website: www.forestfm.co.uk
<div>Facebook: ForestFM Verwood</div>
<div>Twitter: @ForestFM</div>
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<div>Listen to us online 24 hours a day via the Tunein app or via
http://www.forestfm.co.uk/radioplayer/console/</div></div></div></div></font></blockquote>
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