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    <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
          style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%">Community radio and
          transnational
          encounters<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
          style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%">A note by Peter
          Lewis &amp; Caroline
          Mitchell, December 2014<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%">The
HERA-funded,
        three-year Transnational Radio Encounters (TRE) project (</span><a
        href="https://transnationalradio.org/"><span
          style="font-size:10.0pt;
          line-height:115%">https://transnationalradio.org/</span></a><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%">) has now entered its
        second year. </span><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times
        New Roman&quot;;
        mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ES">TRE&#8217;s
        seven
        partners, from the UK, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands,
        have been looking
        at the way radio has been a factor in constructing identities
        within and across
        national borders. Much of the study is concerned with national
        broadcasting
        organisations; we two are focusing on community radio (CR)</span><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%"> and </span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
        lang="EN-US">in the first year, we have been researching to what
        extent community
        radio within the UK is being used by minority groups to make
        connections with
        similar groups overseas. </span><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;
        mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">The
        minority groups we have
        talked to include:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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      style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;
mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
        EN-US" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">&middot;<span
            style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
          </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;
        mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New
        Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;
        color:black;mso-fareast-language:ES">minority ethnic groups,
        whether belonging
        to historically settled communities, or more recent refugee and
        migrant
        communities. Their transnational </span><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;
        line-height:115%;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New
        Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:ES"
        lang="EN-US">e</span><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times
        New Roman&quot;;
        mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ES">ncounters
        might
        include connections with a homeland and/or with diasporic groups
        in Europe and
        beyond. We are also interested in the connections that people
        have between
        radio stations via the music that they broadcast.</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
        lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
        EN-US" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">&middot;<span
            style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
          </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
        lang="EN-US">women&#8217;s
        radio &#8211; a &#8216;social minority&#8217; in so far as women are
        under-represented in
        mainstream media. Many women are involved in UK CR and some
        belong to
        international women&#8217;s groups such as Women&acute;s International News
        Gathering
        Service (WINGS: </span><a href="http://www.wings.org"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
          lang="EN-US">www.wings.org</span></a><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
        lang="EN-US"> )<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;
mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
        EN-US" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">&middot;<span
            style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
          </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
        lang="EN-US">stations
        whose main focus is on sound and radio as an art form. The Radia<span
          style="mso-spacerun:yes">&nbsp; </span>network (</span><a
        href="http://www.radia.fm/"><span
          style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%">http://www.radia.fm/</span></a><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%">) links some two dozen
        stations
        across Europe</span><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;
        mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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      style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;
mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
        EN-US" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">&middot;<span
            style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
          </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
        lang="EN-US">LGBT
        programmers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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      style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;
mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
        EN-US" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">&middot;<span
            style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
          </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
        lang="EN-US">stations
        whose output combines music with language spoken by a minority
        within a nation
        (Gaelic, Irish)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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      style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Symbol;
mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;mso-ansi-language:
        EN-US" lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">&middot;<span
            style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
          </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
        lang="EN-US">stations
        with an interest in Green ways of living<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-fareast-font-family:
        &quot;Times New
        Roman&quot;;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-fareast-language:
        ES;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-style:italic">By
        connections, we
        mean anything from contact with listeners or listening groups to
        arrangements
        for exchanging or co-producing programming, or exchanges of
        staff/volunteers. We
        are also interested in any personal or station archives of
        transnational
        community radio programmes.</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
        lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:
        Arial;color:black">Now we want to extend our research across
        mainland Europe
        and develop </span><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;
        mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">ways
        of mapping, connecting
        and introducing community stations across Europe to each other.
        We could act as
        a sort of 'dating agency', arranging Transnational Radio
        Encounters for those
        who have similar interests relating to their social, ethnic and
        cultural
        identities.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
    <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
          lang="EN-US">How can you be involved?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
    <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
      style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-fareast-font-family:
        Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
        lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span
            style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
          </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
        lang="EN-US">Please tell
        us about any transnational activities that you are involved in
        or have been
        involved in, in the past.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-fareast-font-family:
        Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
        lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span
            style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
          </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
        lang="EN-US">Would you
        be interested in linking up with other stations and programme
        makers with
        similar interests?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;
        mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black"><span
          style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt &quot;Times
            New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;
        mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Please pass this on to
        anyone else you know who might
        be interested in linking up their transnational radio activities
      </span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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        mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Peter
        Lewis (</span><a href="mailto:p.lewis@londonmet.ac.uk"><span
          style="font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
          lang="EN-US">p.lewis@londonmet.ac.uk</span></a><span
        style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;
        mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">) and Caroline Mitchell (</span><a
        href="mailto:caroline.mitchell@sunderland.ac.uk"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"
          lang="EN-US">caroline.mitchell@sunderland.ac.uk</span></a><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:
        EN-US" lang="EN-US">)<br>
      </span></p>
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        {mso-list-id:65961982;
        mso-list-type:hybrid;
        mso-list-template-ids:63854640 134807567 134807577 134807579 134807567 134807577 134807579 134807567 134807577 134807579;}
@list l0:level1
        {mso-level-tab-stop:none;
        mso-level-number-position:left;
        text-indent:-18.0pt;}
@list l1
        {mso-list-id:727605812;
        mso-list-type:hybrid;
        mso-list-template-ids:-2099850564 134807553 134807555 134807557 134807553 134807555 134807557 134807553 134807555 134807557;}
@list l1:level1
        {mso-level-number-format:bullet;
        mso-level-text:&#61623;;
        mso-level-tab-stop:none;
        mso-level-number-position:left;
        text-indent:-18.0pt;
        font-family:Symbol;}
ol
        {margin-bottom:0cm;}
ul
        {margin-bottom:0cm;}
-->
</style><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
        {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
        mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
        mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
        mso-style-noshow:yes;
        mso-style-priority:99;
        mso-style-qformat:yes;
        mso-style-parent:"";
        mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
        mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
        mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
        mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
        mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
        line-height:115%;
        mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
        font-size:12.0pt;
        mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
        font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
        mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
        mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
  </body>
</html>